Choosing the right cartridge for hunting or self-defense is a critical decision, demanding careful consideration of various factors. Today, we'll delve into a detailed comparison of two powerful contenders in the large-bore category: the 450 Bushmaster and the venerable 45-70 Government. This comparison will analyze their ballistics, applications, recoil, and overall suitability for different purposes.
Ballistics: Power and Performance
The 450 Bushmaster and 45-70 Government represent distinctly different approaches to large-bore cartridge design. The 450 Bushmaster, a relatively modern cartridge, prioritizes flat trajectory and manageable recoil in a shorter, more compact package, ideal for modern sporting rifles (MSRs). The 45-70 Government, on the other hand, is a classic, boasting significantly more powerful stopping power, but with heavier recoil and a more pronounced trajectory drop.
450 Bushmaster Ballistics:
- Generally higher velocity: This results in a flatter trajectory at longer ranges, offering improved accuracy.
- Lighter recoil: More manageable for extended shooting sessions.
- Shorter, more compact cartridge: Easier to load and handle, fitting standard AR-15 platform magazines.
45-70 Government Ballistics:
- Substantially higher energy: Delivers significantly greater stopping power, making it effective against larger game.
- Heavier recoil: Requires more robust handling and can be fatiguing during extended shooting.
- Longer cartridge: Generally used in lever-action rifles or single-shot firearms.
Applications: Hunting and Self-Defense
The intended use significantly influences cartridge selection.
450 Bushmaster Applications:
- Deer hunting: Effectively harvests deer-sized game at reasonable ranges. The flatter trajectory provides more precise shot placement.
- Hog hunting: The 450 Bushmaster’s power effectively stops hogs, even at moderate distances.
- Home defense (debatable): While some use it for this purpose, its substantial recoil might be less than ideal in close-quarters situations. Consider the implications and your capabilities carefully before making this choice.
45-70 Government Applications:
- Large game hunting: This cartridge excels in taking down significantly larger game such as elk, bear, and moose, especially at shorter to moderate ranges.
- Dangerous game hunting: Its power is highly effective in stopping dangerous animals.
- Home defense (less ideal): Similar to the 450 Bushmaster, its significant recoil isn't optimal for close-quarters scenarios. Proper training and careful shot placement are paramount.
Recoil and Shootability
Recoil is a crucial consideration, particularly for new or less experienced shooters.
450 Bushmaster Recoil:
- Manageable recoil: Generally easier to handle than the 45-70, allowing for faster follow-up shots.
- More comfortable for extended shooting: Reduced fatigue improves accuracy and marksmanship.
45-70 Government Recoil:
- Significant recoil: Substantially more powerful recoil requires proper technique and practice to manage effectively.
- Can be fatiguing: Limits the number of shots a shooter can comfortably take in a short time.
Rifle Platforms and Availability
Both cartridges are available in various firearms, but their respective platforms differ significantly.
450 Bushmaster Platforms:
- Predominantly used in AR-15-style rifles: This provides accessibility to a wide range of aftermarket accessories and customization options.
- Relatively newer cartridge: May have a slightly smaller selection of ammunition types compared to the 45-70 Government.
45-70 Government Platforms:
- Used in lever-action rifles, single-shot rifles, and occasionally bolt-action rifles: Offers a variety of classic and traditional firearm options.
- Mature cartridge: Boasts a wide variety of ammunition types and loadings, from light plinking loads to extremely powerful hunting rounds.
Conclusion: Choosing the Right Cartridge
The choice between the 450 Bushmaster and the 45-70 Government hinges heavily on the intended application and the shooter's experience. The 450 Bushmaster provides a more manageable, modern platform ideal for deer and hog hunting, while the 45-70 Government delivers unparalleled stopping power for larger game. Careful consideration of recoil, intended use, and available firearms is essential before making your final decision. Always prioritize safety and proper training, regardless of your chosen cartridge.
