The Smith & Wesson M&P 15-22 is a popular .22 LR rimfire rifle, perfect for plinking, training, and introducing new shooters to the sport. However, like any firearm, occasional malfunctions can occur. One common issue reported by M&P 15-22 owners involves the extractor. This guide will delve into the potential problems you might encounter with your M&P 15-22 extractor, provide troubleshooting steps, and offer solutions to get you back to the range quickly.
Understanding the Extractor's Role
Before troubleshooting, it's crucial to understand the extractor's function. The extractor is a small but vital part of the firearm's action. Its job is to grip the spent cartridge case after firing and pull it out of the chamber, allowing the next round to be fed. A malfunctioning extractor can lead to several issues, including:
- Failure to Extract: The spent casing remains stuck in the chamber.
- Double Feeds: A new round is fed while a spent casing is still in the chamber.
- Jamming: The firearm becomes completely inoperable.
Common M&P 15-22 Extractor Problems
Several factors can contribute to extractor problems in the M&P 15-22:
1. Weak or Damaged Extractor:
Over time, the extractor spring can weaken, reducing its ability to grip spent casings effectively. Similarly, damage from dropping the rifle or using harsh ammunition can bend or break the extractor.
2. Dirty or Fouled Extractor:
Buildup of carbon, powder residue, and other debris can interfere with the extractor's function, preventing it from properly gripping the spent casing.
3. Ammunition Issues:
Using low-quality or improperly lubricated ammunition can contribute to extraction problems. Cases that are overly lubricated might slip from the extractor's grasp.
4. Incorrect Installation (if replaced):
If you've recently replaced the extractor, incorrect installation is a potential source of malfunction.
Troubleshooting and Solutions
Here's a step-by-step guide to diagnose and fix common M&P 15-22 extractor issues:
1. Inspect the Extractor:
Carefully examine the extractor for any signs of damage, bending, or wear. Look for cracks, breaks, or deformation. A visual inspection is often the first step in diagnosing the problem.
2. Clean the Extractor and Chamber:
Thoroughly clean the extractor and the chamber using a suitable gun cleaning solvent and brush. Pay close attention to removing all carbon buildup and debris. Ensure that you've completely removed all residue before proceeding.
3. Test with Different Ammunition:
Try using a different brand or type of .22 LR ammunition. This helps determine if the problem is related to the ammunition itself.
4. Check the Extractor Spring:
If the extractor spring appears weak or damaged, replace it with a new one. A replacement spring is relatively inexpensive and easy to install.
5. Consider Professional Help:
If you're uncomfortable performing repairs yourself, take your firearm to a qualified gunsmith. They possess the expertise to diagnose and resolve more complex extractor issues.
Prevention is Key
Regular maintenance is crucial to prevent extractor problems. This includes:
- Regular Cleaning: Clean your firearm after each use.
- Proper Lubrication: Use a high-quality gun lubricant to keep all moving parts functioning smoothly.
- Proper Storage: Store your rifle in a clean, dry environment to prevent corrosion and damage.
By following these steps, you can effectively diagnose and resolve many M&P 15-22 extractor issues. Remember, safety should always be your top priority when handling firearms. If you are unsure about any aspect of firearm maintenance or repair, seek professional assistance.
