Are Polymer 80s Legal? A Comprehensive Guide to the Legality of Polymer 80 Frames
The legality of Polymer 80 frames, also known as 80% lowers or receivers, is a complex and often confusing issue. The short answer is: it depends on your location and how the frame is used. There's no simple yes or no answer. This guide will break down the legal landscape surrounding these unfinished firearm components.
What are Polymer 80 Frames?
Polymer 80 frames are unfinished lower receivers for firearms, typically made from polymer. They're sold as "incomplete" firearms, meaning they lack the critical features to be considered fully functional firearms under federal law. However, they can be completed through machining or other modifications, turning them into fully operational weapons. This is where the legal gray area arises.
Federal Laws Governing Polymer 80 Frames
Federal law largely focuses on the completed firearm, rather than the individual components. The Gun Control Act of 1968 regulates the manufacturing, sale, and transfer of firearms, but the definition of a "firearm" is crucial. The ATF (Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives) has historically focused its enforcement on completed firearms, rather than the unfinished components like Polymer 80 frames. This means the sale and possession of unfinished Polymer 80 frames is generally legal at the federal level, provided they are not modified to become functional firearms without complying with all applicable laws.
State Laws: The Major Variable
The significant variation in legality comes from state laws. Many states have stricter regulations than the federal government. Some states explicitly prohibit the possession, sale, or manufacture of Polymer 80 frames, regardless of their completion status. Others may have stricter regulations around the transfer or sale of these frames. Still others might have no specific laws addressing them, falling back on existing laws related to firearms manufacturing or possession.
Key Considerations:
- Your State's Laws: This is the most crucial factor. Research your state's specific laws regarding the sale, possession, and manufacture of unfinished firearm receivers or parts. This information is readily available online through your state's attorney general's website or relevant legislative bodies.
- Completion Process: Even in states where the possession of Polymer 80 frames is legal, the completion process may be subject to regulations. You may need to obtain serial numbers, undergo background checks, or follow other procedures to legally complete and register the firearm.
- Intent: The ATF has emphasized the importance of intent. If a Polymer 80 frame is purchased with the clear intent of creating a functional firearm, legal issues may arise even in states where possession is ostensibly legal.
- Sales and Transfers: The sale and transfer of Polymer 80 frames are often heavily regulated, even in states where possession might be permitted. Following legal channels is crucial.
Where to Find More Information:
Always consult your state's attorney general's website, relevant state legislative resources, or a qualified legal professional specializing in firearms law for the most up-to-date and accurate information. The laws surrounding Polymer 80 frames are complex and frequently change. This information is for educational purposes only and should not be considered legal advice.
Disclaimer: This information is for educational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. Always consult with a legal professional for advice pertaining to your specific situation and location. Laws concerning firearms are complex and subject to change.
