Choosing between the .460 S&W and the .45-70 Government isn't a simple task. Both cartridges pack a serious punch, but their strengths lie in different areas. This detailed comparison will help you understand the nuances of each, enabling you to make an informed decision based on your specific needs.
Caliber, Power, and Recoil
The .460 S&W, a relatively modern cartridge, boasts a significantly larger diameter bullet (.460 inches) compared to the .45-70 Government (.458 inches). This, coupled with its generally higher velocities, translates to substantially more kinetic energy—a key factor in stopping power. However, this power comes at a cost: the .460 S&W delivers considerably more recoil. For many shooters, the recoil will be a significant limiting factor.
The .45-70 Government, a venerable cartridge dating back to the late 19th century, offers impressive power, especially with heavier bullets. While not as energetic as the .460 S&W in most loads, it delivers a substantial punch nonetheless. Its recoil, while still substantial, is generally less punishing than the .460 S&W, making it more manageable for extended shooting sessions.
In short: The .460 S&W wins in raw power and energy, but the .45-70 Government offers a better balance of power and manageable recoil.
Bullet Weight and Velocity: A Detailed Look
The bullet weight and velocity significantly influence the performance of both cartridges. The .460 S&W typically utilizes lighter bullets at higher velocities, resulting in a flatter trajectory. The .45-70 Government, on the other hand, often features heavier bullets at lower velocities, leading to a more pronounced bullet drop.
This difference is crucial for long-range accuracy and hunting applications. The flatter trajectory of the .460 S&W makes it advantageous for longer shots, whereas the heavier bullets of the .45-70 Government offer superior penetration and stopping power at closer ranges, particularly against larger game.
Applications: Hunting and Self-Defense
The intended applications greatly influence the cartridge choice.
Hunting
Both cartridges are suitable for large game hunting, but their optimal applications differ. The .460 S&W's higher velocity and flatter trajectory are beneficial for hunting at longer ranges, making it a viable choice for open plains or mountainous terrain. However, its powerful recoil can be a challenge for some hunters.
The .45-70 Government, with its heavier bullets and substantial stopping power, excels in closer-range hunting situations. Its manageable recoil (relative to the .460 S&W) allows for more accurate shot placement, even under pressure. It’s a legendary round for dangerous game.
Self-Defense
While neither cartridge is ideal for home defense due to their significant recoil and potential for overpenetration, the .45-70 Government, when used with appropriate ammunition, could be considered for bear defense in remote areas. The .460 S&W, due to its raw power, poses a similar risk of overpenetration and might be excessively powerful for self-defense scenarios.
Weapon Availability and Cost
Both cartridges have a range of firearms available, but the .45-70 Government boasts a broader selection of rifles, including lever-action rifles favored by many hunters. The .460 S&W is predominantly found in handguns and revolvers, although some rifles chambered in this caliber exist.
Ammunition costs vary depending on the manufacturer and bullet type, but generally, .45-70 Government ammunition is often more readily available and potentially less expensive than .460 S&W ammunition.
Conclusion: The Right Cartridge for You
The best cartridge—the .460 S&W or the .45-70 Government—depends entirely on your priorities and intended use. The .460 S&W provides unmatched raw power but at the cost of substantial recoil. The .45-70 Government offers a more manageable recoil with still considerable stopping power, especially in hunting scenarios. Careful consideration of recoil management, intended use, and availability of firearms and ammunition is crucial before making a decision.
